Sexual Assault in the Army

intimate combat in the ArmyThe infr atomic number 18d struggle knowledgeable round outa makest Women in the ArmyIn 2012 a documentary entitled The Invisible War dealing with intimate dishonor against women raised attention to an foreshorten that has been rargonly spoken about. As an issue, it has been gaining attention in recent geezerhood however, and even president Obama (Office of the Press Secretary, 2014) describes it as a profound immorality in a speech he made in January. sexual besiege in the array affects a certain category of the Ameri crapper population that is ill-treatd. This paper will focus mainly on stager women, explaining the causes behind their victimization, the measures the U.S officials clear been trying to implement to limit such possibilitys, and at long last it will provide some real study cases.The Report to the President of the United States on intimate Assault Prevention and Response (Depatment of Defense., 2014) came as a response to president Obamas request to the defense part to improve their policies against versed assault in the armed forces system. It defines sexual assault as intentional sexual cont comprise characterized by use of force, threats, intimidation, or abuse of authority or when the victim does non or can non consent (2014). set in motion on this definition, the rapport states that the number of victims of sexual assault between 2013 and 2014 ar as follows 4,3% for women and 0,9% for men. It too shows that despite the increase in 2012 concerning the number of sexual assault cases against women in the army, there is a decline from 6,1% to 4,3% in 2014 (same as 2010). In simpler terms, women are 5 durations more likely to shoot sexually assaulted than men in the army. These figures imply an aggressiveness against women in position considering that veteran women make up only 14,5% of the active-duty force (Statistics on Women in the forces, 2011).Some would explain this behavior throu gh the womens rightist hypothesis that sexual violence against women is a way for men to reinforce their power, hence track it as a gender issue (Peterson Bailey, 1992 Hagan Peterson, 1995 Baron Straus, 1987). In chapter eightsome of umbrage and Inequality (Hagan Peterson, 1995), the writers explore different surveys and experiments made to prove the kind between gender inequality and violence against women, especially rape. They implore that such violence is intended to keep women in their place (1995). Clark and Lewis (1997) also argue that in societies where women are regarded as possessions of men, it is more likely that men would execution their power by forcing and threatening women into sexual activities (cited in Baron Straus, 1987).Although this theory does not relate to women in the army in particular, but it tries to establish the relationship between the sociostinting inequality between men and women from whizz hand, and the sexual abuse women suffer from. (Hagan Peterson, 1995). The central argument is that rape is root in male domination of sociopolitical and economic activities (Williams and Holmes 1981). Thus, rape is expected to be more common where women hold little political or economic power and the occupational status of women is inferior (Peterson Bailey, 1992).In Addition to the berth that men assault women sexually to reinforce their power, sexual assault might be attributed to some other causes. One of the main instruments which are associated with spirited try of rape, in particular, is the work place environment. Veteran women share their quiescency quarters with male soldiers which provide an environment in which the assailant has an easier access. Women also may experience pressure and may be obliged to go out demeaning comments or gestures (Sadler, Booth, Cook, Doebbeling, 2003).According to Pauline Jelinek (2012) in her article armed forces alcohol abuse culture is now a crisis. It is known that imbibin g alcohol and consuming drugs within the ranks of the military is a culture, and is considered as an escape from what they experience in the contend. However, this has numerous draw screenings such as sexual aggression against veteran women. In fact, it is reported that half of perpetrators in the military are under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of (Sadler, Booth, Cook, Doebbeling, 2003).Mans tendency to act violently is another factor associated with high rate of rape. This is proven by a meta-analysis of sex variation in physical aggression. It shows that men are more likely to act violently and that 62 per cent of those who are injured by a partner are women (Archer, 2000). This is explained by what Melissa M. McDonald, Carlos David Navarrete and Mark Van Vugt (2012) margin call The male warrior hypothesis. They argue that men are programmed to act aggressively to gain access to mates, territory and increased status. This tendency to act violently can be inter preted as ane major cause of sexual assault.Furthermore, womens silence increases the rate of rape. This is attributed to barriers to justice where women feel that they are at risk of retaliation by the assailants. In fact, offenders usually outrank the victims and consequently, women are obliged to make a choice between their military charge or seeking justice. What is worse is that commanders not only fail to administer the protection of those women but also they put the blame on women for destroy the careers of good soldiers claiming that this is not a big deal and not expense causing conflict in the unit (Stalsburg, 2011).Despite the existence of sexual crimes in the military, a great number of methods and victim assistance programs have been actually implemented by the the Statesn army to prevent the occurrence of such cases. Bystander Intervention Training provided by the Department of Defence is champion of the methods that encourages and shows all the service members h ow to intervene safely when they see situations at risk for sexual assault (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). Another fosterage that only commanders receive is The command training and efforts to address sexual assault (2013). It teaches commanders to assume an effectual responsibility by adopting certain rules and initiating some directions. It trains hence high ranked officers to prevent the setting up of environments that foster sexual harassment(2013).As far as the military response to victims is concerned, devil major reporting options are available for military members to opt for. The first, the all-weather reporting option, implies criminal investigation in which command and law enforcement are provided with details of the incidents (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). The restricted reporting option, on the other hand, provides help for victims in terms of medical and healthcare, but it does not imply an official investigation. This option is made specifically for women who like not to reveal the harassers identity or to call de jure for their rights.In addition to these methods, every military installation has a internal Assault Response Coordinator (SARC) and at least one Victim suggest who is responsible for connecting victims with appropriate resources and services (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). Although several(prenominal) measures have been adopted in the military, most women being raped prefer to be silent and not to uncover the truth.Even though America have the most powerful army in the world, it has in its ranks a secret an invisible story- that many women wont dare to reveal. However, in 2012 these women decided to break this silence and speak out in an fact-finding and a documentary film entitled The Invisible War (2012) which evolved almost the sexual assault and harassment in the US military. This film assist these women to uncover the truth, tell their stories and share their experiences.One of these women is Kori Cioca who was serving in the US coast guard and was stationed in Michigan and was raped by one of the commander officers back in 2005 (Stebner, 2013). During the aggression and while calling for help, her assailant hit her and broke her jaw. She didnt have the courage to report this incident because of the threats she received and the fear of losing her job (Stebner, 2013).In her article the Invisible War New charter Exposes outrage, Sexual Assault Epidemic in U.S Military Amy Goodman (2012) interviewed Ms. Cioca where she told her horrible story about the aggression. In fact, her superior began by harassing her verbally but she refused these sexual suggestions. She said he didnt rape me because I was pretty or that he wanted to have sex with me he raped me because he hated me, and he wanted to show me that I wasnt as great as I thought I was. This statement can be interpreted in favor of the feminist view of sexual assault discussed earlier. As for the victim, she though t about committing self-destruction but she changed her mind when she knew that shes pregnant. Until now, although she feels traumatized and fights everyday to win her right back, she dust hopeful and confident that one day justice will share its course.To sum up, sexual assault against women has been an invisible war, a afflict in the most honorable institution like the U.S. military. Its causes go back to different factors human nature in general and the environment of the army in particular. The U.S officials and mainly the department of defense have been implementing different measures in the different levels of the armed forces to eliminate this problem. However, what the story of Kori Cioca reveal can imply the limits of such measures and the commitment to stop this sexual aggressiveness against women.ReferencesArcher, J. (2000). Sex Differences in Aggression Between Heterosexual Partners. Psychological Bulletin, 126(5), 651-680. Retrieved December 2014, from http//www.batt eredmen.com/ArcherSexDifferencesMeta-AnalyticReviewf2000.pdfBaron, L., Straus, M. A. (1987, December). Four Theories of Rape A Macrosociological Analysis. Social Problems, 34(5).Depatment of Defense. (2014, November 25). Report to the President of the United States on Sexual Assault Prevention and Response. 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